Physicochemical and bacteriological assessment of ricemill wastewater discharged into river Benue, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31763/bioenvipo.v1i1.381Keywords:
Wastewater, Ricemill, Total heterotrophic count, River BenueAbstract
Rapid industrialization affects the environment in different ways through indiscriminate disposal of large amount of wastewater into the surrounding water bodies thereby causing serious problems to the environment. This study was conducted to assess the suitability of the ricemill wastewater being discharged into River Benue. Wastewater was sampled from point of discharge (sampling point A) and 20 meters away from the final entry into river Benue (sampling point B). Standardized methods were employed to analyze biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total heterotrophic count (THC), nitrate, phosphate, sulphate and pH in the sampled wastewater. Results were generated and compared with permissible standards Results generated from the analyses indicate that in sampling point A, pH ranged from 4.28 to 5.23, TDS ranged from 1478 - 1615 mg/L while THC ranged from1540 - 1600 cfu/ml. In point B, (BOD) ranged from 4.8 - 3.6 mg/L, (COD) ranged from 4.1 - 3.1mg/L, (TDS) 586 - 348mg/L, (THC) 608 - 512 cfu/ml and pH 7.32 - 6.43. Considering these results, (TDS), (THC), nitrate and THC were above permissible limits of World Health Organisation (WHO) and National Environmental standards and regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) respectively. Owing to these results, treatment measures and regulatory policies are suggested with a view to checkmating the abuse of river Benue through indiscriminate disposal of wastewater so as to avert imminent dangers it might likely pose to aquatic ecological system.
References
Omenka, E. Improvement of descentranized wastewater treatment in Asaba, Nigeria. (Lund University, Sweden, 2010).
Muthukumaran, N. & Ambujam, N. K. Wastewater treatment and management in urban areas-a case study of Tiruchirappalli city, Tamil Nadu, India. in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environment and Health 284–289 (University of Madras and Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, 2003).
Corcoran, E. et al. Sick water?: The central role of wastewater management in sustainable development: A rapid response assessment. (UNEP and UN-HABITAT, 2010).
Amoo, A. O., Adeleye, A. ., Ijanu, E. M., Omokhudu, G. I. & Okoli, C. S. Assessment of the efficiency WUPA wastewater treatment plant in federal capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria. Int. J. Appl. Res. Technol. 6, 52–60 (2017).
Omosa, I. B., Wang, H., Cheng, S. & Li, F. Sustainable tertiary wastewater treatment is required for water resources pollution control in Africa. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 7065–7066 (2012).
Akpen, G. D. & Eze, R. A. M. Water pollution modeling of the river Benue in the reach of Makurdi town. J. Niger. Soc. Eng. 41, (2006).
Anetor, J., Adeniyi, F. & Olaleye, S. Molecular epidemiology: A better approach for the early detection of pathophysiologic response to environmental toxicants and disease. African J. Biomed. Res. 6, 146–147 (2010).
Colmenarejo, M. F. et al. Evaluation of municipal wastewater treatment plants with different technologies at Las Rozas, Madrid (Spain). J. Environ. Manage. 81, 399–404 (2006).
Coskuner, G. & Ozdemir, N. S. Performance assessment of a wastewater treatment plant treating weak campus wastewater. Int. J. Environ. Pollut. 28, 185 (2006).
Choudhary, A., Ojha, D. & Chowdhary, M. L. Biomedical waste management in Jodhpur city: A case study. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 11, 741–744 (2012).
Welcomme, R. L. Fish of the Nigerian system. in The ecology of river systems (eds. Havies, B. R. & Walker, K. F.) 25–48 (Junk Publishers, 1986).
American Water Works Association. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. (American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation, 2017).
Fondriest Environmental. pH of water - Fundamentals of environmental measurements. Environmental Measurement Systems https://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/water-quality/ph/ (2013).
World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking-water quality Second Edition. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/63844/WHO_EOS_98.1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (1998).
Okenyi, A. D., Ubani, C. S., Oje, O. A. & Onwurah, I. N. E. Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in fresh water fish dried with different drying regimes. J. Food Meas. Charact. 10, 405–410 (2016).
BioLumix. Quality control: Rapid detection methods for heterotrophic bacteria in water. BioLumix https://mybiolumix.tumblr.com/post/68977306135/quality-control-rapid-detection-methods-for.
Khatab, M. F. O. & Al-Hamadani, A. A. B. Variation of characteristic quality with depth of water of Mosul dam lake. Rafidain J. Sci. 16, 104–114 (2005).
Jarosiewicz, A. & Witek, Z. Seasonal translocations of nitrogen and phosphorus in two Lobelian lakes in the vVicinity of Bytów, (West Pomeranian Lake District). Polish J. Environ. Stud. 18, 827–836 (2009).
Maki, K. et al. Autochthonous origin of semi-labile dissolved organic carbon in a large monomictic lake (Lake Biwa): carbon stable isotopic evidence. Limnology 11, 143–153 (2010).
Cole, J. J. & Pace, M. L. Bacterial secondary production in oxic and anoxic freshwaters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 40, 1019–1027 (1995).
Vignola, E. & Deas, M. Lake shastina limnology. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/northcoast/water_issues/programs/tmdls/shasta_river/pdf/072005/lakeshastinalimnology_final.pdf (2005).
Islam, M., Tusher, T., Mustafa, M. & Mahmud, S. Effects of solid waste and industrial effluents on water quality of Turag River at Konabari industrial area, Gazipur, Bangladesh. J. Environ. Sci. Nat. Resour. 5, 213–218 (2013).
Narragansett Bay Estuary Program. State of Narragansett Bay and its Watershed (Technical Report). https://www.nbep.org/reports#technical-reports (2017).
S. Lokhande, R., U. Singare, P. & S. Pimple, D. Study on physico-chemical parameters of waste water effluents from Taloja industrial area of Mumbai, India. Int. J. Ecosyst. 1, 1–9 (2012).
World Health Organization. Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater in agriculture and aquaculture. (2006).
Pradhan, A. & Sahu, S. K. Process details and effluent characteristics of a rice mill in the Sambalpur district of Orissa. I Control Pollut. 20, (2004).
Chhatwal, G. R. Encyclopedia of environmental biology. (Anmol Publication Private Ltd, 1998).
Singh, A. K., Mahato, M. K., Neogi, B. & Singh, K. K. Quality assessment of mine water in the Raniganj Coalfield Area, India. Mine Water Environ. 29, 248–262 (2010).
Mikuška, P. & Večeřa, Z. Simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in water by chemiluminescent flow-injection analysis. Anal. Chim. Acta 495, 225–232 (2003).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Adeniyi Olarewaju Adeleye, Amoo Afeez Oladeji, Bate Garba Barde, Sadiq Ismaila Shina, Ugba Samuel
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.